INTRODUCTION

Different fields in aircraft :

• Aerodynamics - Is the study of the motion of air over an object.
• Propulsion - Is the study of engine and its motions.
• Thermodynamics - Study of the effects of work, heat and energy on a system.
• Aircraft Structures - Study of design and construction of airframe parts. 
• Flight Dynamics - Study of the performance, stability, and control of flight in air.
• Avionics - Study of electronics used in aircraft.

Major parts of an aircraft :

• Fuselage.
• Landing Gear.
• Flight control surfaces.
• Wings.
• Stabilizers.
• Aircraft Engines.

Basic instruments to control and monitor the aircraft :

• Altimeter - Indicates the height of the aircraft above the sea level.
• Attitude indicator or Artificial horizon - Indicates the orientation of aircraft about its pitch and roll axis.
• Airspeed indicator - Indicates the aircraft speed relative to the surrounding air.
• Magnetic compass - Indicates the aircraft heading relative to the magnetic north.
• Vertical speed indicator or Variometer - Indicates the rate of climb or descent of the flight.
• Turn and balance indicator - Indicates the direction of the turn and rate of turn of the flight.

Major forces acting on an aircraft :

• Thrust.
• Drag.
• Lift.
• Gravity or weight.

Flight control surfaces :

Control surfaces which helps pilot to control and stabilize the aircraft in a defined direction. There are two types of control surfaces they are primary and secondary control surfaces.

Primary control surfaces :

Rudder ( to control the flight along the yaw axis).

Aileron ( to control the flight along the lateral axis ).

Elevator ( to control the flight along the longitudinal axis).

Secondary control surfaces :

Spoilers.

Flaps.  

Slat.